操作环境
- 硬件：华为云服务器
- 操作系统：Rocky Linux 9.0 64bit
- 服务器软件：nginx 1.24.0，openssl 3.0.7
前提条件
- nginx已安装好，并开启SSL
相关说明
为了安装WordPress，需要先安装MySQL和PHP。
一般情况，建议先安装MySQL，再安装PHP。安装PHP请参考PHP安装指南。
安装MySQL主要有两种安装方法，一是通过yum安装，另一种是通过源码编译安装。笔者建议优先使用yum安装方式，本文将介绍通过yum安装MySQL8.0.33的详细操作步骤。
操作步骤
1.查看是否已经安装了MySQL
使用指令 rpm -qa|grep -i mysql查看是否已经安装了MySQL软件。
[root@hecs-288529 ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch mysql-community-common-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-server-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 php-mysqlnd-8.2.6-1.el9.remi.x86_64 [root@hecs-288529 ~]#
上面是我的服务器 当前安装的MySQL软件包，如果未安装，则不会有输出内容。如果输出内容显示MySQL的版本较低，可使用指令 yum update mysql升级，想重新安装可先卸载，然后再安装。（具体卸载方式略，可自行百度）
2.检查是否存在MySQL的yum源安装包
yum list mysql
我的Rocky Linux内默认没有MySQL的yum源安装包，没有任何输出。如果有输出，且版本正好是最新版（或自己要安装的版本），则请跳过第3步，直接执行第4步。
3.下载MySQL的yum源安装包
到官方网站下载MySQL的yum源安装包（MySQL Yum Repository Setup Packages），根据自己的操作系统版本选择相应的文件下载。
因为我的Rocky Linux是一个免费的，开源的，面向服务器的Linux发行版。它是一个CentOS分支和一个与Red Hat Enterprise Linux（RHEL）兼容的发行版。故选择图中的第一个链接Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 / Oracle Linux 9 (Architecture Independent), RPM Package下载。
![[Pasted image 20230605223407.png]]
用指令 cd /usr/local/src进入安装包存放目录，再使用以下wget指令下载MySQL的yum源安装包。
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm
[root@hecs-288529 ~]# cd /usr/local/src [root@hecs-288529 src]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm --2023-05-21 12:51:56-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 69.192.12.46 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|69.192.12.46|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm [following] --2023-05-21 12:51:57-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|69.192.12.46|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm [following] --2023-05-21 12:51:57-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.46.196.230 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.46.196.230|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 10534 (10K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm’ mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch 100%[=========================================================================>] 10.29K --.-KB/s in 0s 2023-05-21 12:52:01 (174 MB/s) - ‘mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm’ saved [10534/10534] -c: No such file or directory No URLs found in -c. FINISHED --2023-05-21 12:52:01-- Total wall clock time: 5.2s Downloaded: 1 files, 10K in 0s (174 MB/s) [root@hecs-288529 src]#
4. 安装mysql源
具体指令如下：
yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm
[root@hecs-288529 src]# yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm [2023-05-21 13:37:44] Last metadata expiration check: 2:50:08 ago on Sun 21 May 2023 10:47:36 AM CST. [2023-05-21 13:37:44] Dependencies resolved. [2023-05-21 13:37:44] ========================================================================================================================================================= [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Package Architecture Version Repository Size [2023-05-21 13:37:45] ========================================================================================================================================================= [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Installing: [2023-05-21 13:37:45] mysql80-community-release noarch el9-1 @commandline 10 k [2023-05-21 13:37:45] [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Transaction Summary [2023-05-21 13:37:45] ========================================================================================================================================================= [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Install 1 Package [2023-05-21 13:37:45] [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Total size: 10 k [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Installed size: 5.7 k [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Downloading Packages: [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Running transaction check [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Transaction check succeeded. [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Running transaction test [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Transaction test succeeded. [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Running transaction [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Preparing : 1/1 [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Installing : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [ ] 1/1 Installing : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [=========================================== ] 1/1 Installing : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [========================================================= ] 1/1 Installing : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [======================================================================= ] 1/1 Installing : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [==================================================================================== ] 1/1 Installing : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch 1/1 [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Verifying : mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch 1/1 [2023-05-21 13:37:45] [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Installed: [2023-05-21 13:37:45] mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch [2023-05-21 13:37:45] [2023-05-21 13:37:45] Complete!
5.检查安装源是否安装成功
执行成功后会在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成三个repo文件:
- mysql-community-debuginfo.repo
- mysql-community.repo
- mysql-community-source.repo
[root@hecs-288529 tmp]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@hecs-288529 yum.repos.d]# ls -l total 68 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1525 Feb 14 15:29 epel-next.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1621 Apr 15 05:22 epel-next-testing.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1459 Feb 14 15:29 epel.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1552 Apr 15 05:22 epel-testing.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Jul 6 2022 mysql-community-debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 827 Jul 6 2022 mysql-community.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 871 Jul 6 2022 mysql-community-source.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1825 Jan 5 21:49 remi-modular.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1448 Jan 5 21:49 remi.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 810 Jan 5 21:49 remi-safe.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6640 Feb 14 15:27 rocky-addons.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 412 Feb 14 15:27 rocky-devel.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1161 Apr 27 13:35 rocky-devel.repo.rpmnew -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2412 Feb 14 15:27 rocky-extras.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2379 Apr 27 13:35 rocky-extras.repo.rpmnew -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3432 Feb 14 15:27 rocky.repo [root@hecs-288529 yum.repos.d]#
6.查看MySQL相关资源
具体指令： yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
[root@hecs-288529 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*" mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community mysql80-community MySQL 8.0 Community Server [root@hecs-288529 yum.repos.d]#
7.用yum安装MySQL软件
yum -y install mysql-community-server
[2023-05-21 13:37:45] [root@hecs-288529 src]# yum -y install mysql-community-server yum -y install mysql-community-server [2023-05-21 13:38:17] ...... [2023-05-21 13:39:51] [2023-05-21 13:39:51] Installed: [2023-05-21 13:39:51] libaio-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 [2023-05-21 13:39:51] mysql-community-common-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 [2023-05-21 13:39:51] mysql-community-server-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 [2023-05-21 13:39:51] [2023-05-21 13:39:51] Complete!
8.启动MySQL服务
启动服务： systemctl start mysqld
查看状态： systemctl status mysqld
[root@hecs-288529 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@hecs-288529 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-05-21 13:40:08 CST; 0 days ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 679 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1423 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 46 (limit: 23205)
Memory: 695.7M
CPU: 25min 32.531s
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─1423 /usr/sbin/mysqld
May 21 13:40:01 hecs-288529 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
May 21 13:40:08 hecs-288529 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@hecs-288529 ~]#
9.查看MySQL超级管理员账号的密码
MySQL第一次启动后会创建超级管理员账号root@localhost，初始密码存储在日志文件中：
查看指令： grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@hecs-288529 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-05-21T05:40:23.986098Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: C8FK-Tqj5e3z
密码如上述指令输出信息所示，当前的初始密码是 C8FK-Tqj5e3z。（说明：该密码已做改动处理，且实际密码早已经修改，此处明码表示仅作为示例。）
10.修改MySQL超级管理员账号的密码
登录指令： mysql -u root -p
输入上一步骤中查看到的密码修改指令如下：
use mysql;
update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root-password-123456';
flush privileges;第二条指令是修改root的登录主机为 %，表示不受限制。
第三条指令是修改root的登录密码为 root-password-123456，此处因示例使用了简单密码。注意需符合密码控制策略的长度和复杂度要求，建议不要随意修改密码控制策略，降低密码难度。
第四条指令flush privileges 是将当前user和privilige表中的用户信息/权限设置从mysql库中提取到内存里。 当MySQL的用户数据和权限有修改后，希望在”不重启MySQL服务”的情况下直接生效，那么就需要执行这个命令。
[root@hecs-288529 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12873 Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root-password-123456'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> quit Bye
11.windows客户端安装MySQLWorkBench8.0（可选）
为了方便使用图形界面操作维护MySQL数据库服务器，可以到MySQL官网下载并安装MySQLWorkBench8.0。
安装完成以后，运行MySQLWorkBench8.0，点击主界面 MYSQL Connections后面的 +，新建server connections配置文件，在弹出的配置窗口界面输入Hostname、Port、Username、Password四个参数的值，点击 Test Connection按钮，即可测试远程连接MySQL服务器。
如出现报错“无法连接到服务器”，一般是因为云服务器防火墙设置或云服务器的安全组配置问题，可参考[[Linux server MySQL远程访问问题]]。
This is a demo advert, you can use simple text, HTML image or any Ad Service JavaScript code. If you're inserting HTML or JS code make sure editor is switched to 'Text' mode.
[…] 为了安装WordPress，需要先安装MySQL和PHP。一般情况，建议先安装MySQL，再安装PHP。安装MySQL，请参考MySQL安装。 […]
[…] 具体操作过程请参考MySQL安装指南。 […]